What term describes the division of government responsibilities into distinct branches?

The term that describes the division of government responsibilities into distinct branches is "Separation of Powers." This principle is foundational to the structure of government in the United States and in many other democratic systems. It divides the government into three branches: the legislative, the executive, and the judicial. Each branch has its own specific powers and responsibilities, which helps to ensure that no single branch becomes too powerful. The separation of powers serves to create a system of governance where each branch can operate independently while still having mechanisms to check the powers of the others. This division is critical for maintaining a balance of power within the government and protecting the rights of citizens.

Understanding this term is essential for grasping how the U.S. government functions and how it upholds democratic principles.