The correct answer identifies the two parts of the U.S. Congress as the Senate and the House of Representatives. The United States Congress is a bicameral legislature, meaning it consists of two separate chambers, each with distinct roles, powers, and responsibilities.
The Senate is composed of two senators elected from each state, regardless of the state's population, serving staggered six-year terms. This structure is designed to ensure equal representation for each state in the legislative process. The House of Representatives, on the other hand, is made up of representatives whose number from each state is based on that state’s population, serving two-year terms. This arrangement allows for representation that reflects the demographic diversity of the country.
Understanding this bicameral nature is crucial for comprehending how laws are made in the United States and how representation works at the federal level. Other choices do not accurately represent the two components of Congress; for instance, the House of Lords belongs to the British Parliament, while the Supreme Court and the Executive branch are separate entities within the U.S. government. The legislative branch indeed contains Congress, but it also includes elements like committees and is a broader category than just Congress itself.